AncestorBench
An AI benchmark in the spirit of ancestor simulations

Can a machine simulate one day of our ancestors' world?

AncestorBench asks AI models to step into the life of a real, documented person from the past and render their world as they saw it. AI judges check the facts against the record. You decide what moves you.

Place · Date · Point of view
A real person who once lived, on a real day. What they could see, hear, smell, buy and say. What they knew, and just as important, what they could not yet know.
Attested from a source Inferred from the period Invented and set in italic
Every simulation ships with its footnotes: each concrete claim, tagged by how we know it.

The ancestors

27 real people, 48 BC to 1961. Each one is a single documented moment: a model gets the name, the date, the place and the moment, and nothing else. Everything after that is its own research.

  • royal palace, Alexandria · autumn 48 BC
    Lens portrait of Cleopatra

    Cleopatra

    The last queen of ancient Egypt

    Reaching Julius Caesar inside the palace.

    About 74 generations back
    Drawn from a marble head made in her lifetime, mid-1st century BC, Altes Museum, Berlin
    Watch and vote on Cleopatra
  • Kensington Palace, London · 20 June 1837
    Lens portrait of Queen Victoria

    Queen VictoriaPrincess Alexandrina Victoria of Kent

    Became queen at 18 and reigned for 63 years

    Being woken before dawn by her mother.

    About 7 generations back
    Drawn from Alfred Edward Chalon's portrait of her as queen, c. 1837
    Watch and vote on Queen Victoria
  • Baltimore, Maryland · 23 February 1861
    Lens portrait of Abraham Lincoln

    Abraham Lincoln

    President who led the Union through the Civil War

    Aboard a night train through Baltimore, before dawn.

    About 6 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph by Christopher S. German, 9 February 1861
    Watch and vote on Abraham Lincoln
  • RMS Titanic, North Atlantic · 15 April 1912
    Lens portrait of Lawrence Beesley

    Lawrence Beesley

    Science teacher who survived the Titanic and wrote about it

    The lowering of lifeboat 13 from the Titanic.

    About 4 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph in the Titanic's gymnasium, April 1912
    Watch and vote on Lawrence Beesley
  • near Engels, Saratov Oblast · 12 April 1961
    Lens portrait of Yuri Gagarin

    Yuri Gagarin

    The first person to travel into space

    Just after landing at the end of the first human spaceflight.

    About 2 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph by Arto Jousi, July 1961
    Watch and vote on Yuri Gagarin
  • Here · today

    You

    Watching our ancestors

    The day you first wondered which side of the screen you’re on.

    0 generations back
    No likeness on file yet
Browse all 27 ancestors
Where
When

1900s

  • near Engels, Saratov Oblast · 12 April 1961
    Lens portrait of Yuri Gagarin

    Yuri Gagarin

    The first person to travel into space

    Just after landing at the end of the first human spaceflight.

    About 2 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph by Arto Jousi, July 1961
    Watch and vote on Yuri Gagarin
  • Amsterdam, Netherlands · 12 June 1942
    Lens portrait of Anne Frank

    Anne Frank

    Diarist of her family's hiding from the Nazis in Amsterdam

    The morning of her thirteenth birthday, at home.

    About 3 generations back
    Drawn from a school photograph, December 1941
    Watch and vote on Anne Frank
  • London · 10 May 1940
    Lens portrait of Winston Churchill

    Winston Churchill

    Britain's prime minister in the Second World War

    An evening summons to Buckingham Palace, and the night after.

    About 3 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph by Cecil Beaton, 1940
    Watch and vote on Winston Churchill
  • Wheeler Field, Oahu, Territory of Hawaii · 11 January 1935
    Lens portrait of Amelia Earhart

    Amelia Earhart

    Aviator, the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic

    Taking off from Wheeler Field.

    About 3 generations back
    Drawn from the frontispiece of her book The Fun of It, 1932
    Watch and vote on Amelia Earhart
  • Valley of the Kings, Egypt · 26 November 1922
    Lens portrait of Howard Carter

    Howard Carter

    Archaeologist who found the tomb of Tutankhamun

    The first look into the tomb of Tutankhamun.

    About 4 generations back
    Drawn from a portrait by his brother William Carter, 1924
    Watch and vote on Howard Carter
  • Berlin · 1919, late September
    Lens portrait of Albert Einstein

    Albert Einstein

    Physicist behind the theory of relativity

    Receiving news of the eclipse measurements.

    About 4 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph, c. 1920
    Watch and vote on Albert Einstein
  • Stromness, South Georgia · 20 May 1916
    Lens portrait of Ernest Shackleton

    Ernest Shackleton

    Explorer who got every man of the Endurance home alive

    Arriving at Stromness whaling station.

    About 4 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph by Frank Hurley, 1916
    Watch and vote on Ernest Shackleton
  • RMS Titanic, North Atlantic · 15 April 1912
    Lens portrait of Lawrence Beesley

    Lawrence Beesley

    Science teacher who survived the Titanic and wrote about it

    The lowering of lifeboat 13 from the Titanic.

    About 4 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph in the Titanic's gymnasium, April 1912
    Watch and vote on Lawrence Beesley
  • Paris, rue Lhomond · c. 1902, an evening
    Lens portrait of Marie Curie

    Marie CurieMaria Skłodowska-Curie

    Discoverer of radium and the first woman to win a Nobel Prize

    Going back to the laboratory one evening with Pierre.

    About 4 generations back
    Drawn from her Nobel Prize portrait, 1903
    Watch and vote on Marie Curie

1800s

  • Pietermaritzburg, Natal · 7 June 1893
    Lens portrait of Mohandas Gandhi

    Mohandas GandhiMohandas Karamchand Gandhi

    Leader of India's nonviolent independence movement

    A night at Maritzburg railway station on the way to Pretoria.

    About 5 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph, 1895
    Watch and vote on Mohandas Gandhi
  • hills above Oakland, California · 1871
    Lens portrait of Henry George

    Henry George

    Economist who called for a single tax on land values

    Riding in the hills above the bay.

    About 6 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph by Isaiah West Taber, c. 1880, about 9 years after this moment
    Watch and vote on Henry George
  • Combahee River, South Carolina · 2 June 1863
    Lens portrait of Harriet Tubman

    Harriet Tubman

    Underground Railroad conductor who led a Civil War raid

    The Combahee River raid.

    About 6 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph by Benjamin F. Powelson, 1868–69
    Watch and vote on Harriet Tubman
  • Charleston Harbor, South Carolina · 13 May 1862
    Lens portrait of Robert Smalls

    Robert Smalls

    Seized a Confederate ship to escape slavery; later a congressman

    Passing Fort Sumter during the escape aboard the Planter.

    About 6 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph from the Brady-Handy studio, c. 1870–80
    Watch and vote on Robert Smalls
  • Baltimore, Maryland · 23 February 1861
    Lens portrait of Abraham Lincoln

    Abraham Lincoln

    President who led the Union through the Civil War

    Aboard a night train through Baltimore, before dawn.

    About 6 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph by Christopher S. German, 9 February 1861
    Watch and vote on Abraham Lincoln
  • Abeokuta, Egba country (Yorubaland) · 21 August 1846
    Lens portrait of Samuel Ajayi Crowther

    Samuel Ajayi Crowther

    Freed from a slave ship, later the first African Anglican bishop

    The day his mother found him, 25 years after they were parted.

    About 6 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph by Ernest Edwards, c. 1864, about 18 years after this moment
    Watch and vote on Samuel Ajayi Crowther
  • Torishima, Izu Islands · 27 June 1841
    Lens portrait of Nakahama Manjirō

    Nakahama ManjirōManjirō of Naka-no-hama, Tosa

    Castaway, one of the first Japanese people to live in America

    On the rocks of Torishima, sighting a ship.

    About 7 generations back
    Drawn from a photograph, c. 1880, about 40 years after this moment
    Watch and vote on Nakahama Manjirō
  • Zhenkou beach, Humen (the Bocca Tigris), Guangdong · 3 June 1839
    Lens portrait of Lin Zexu

    Lin ZexuLin Tse-hsü, Imperial Commissioner

    Qing official who destroyed 1,000 tons of British opium

    The first day of destroying the surrendered opium.

    About 7 generations back
    As pictured in a 19th-century oil portrait, Opium War Museum, Humen
    Watch and vote on Lin Zexu
  • Kensington Palace, London · 20 June 1837
    Lens portrait of Queen Victoria

    Queen VictoriaPrincess Alexandrina Victoria of Kent

    Became queen at 18 and reigned for 63 years

    Being woken before dawn by her mother.

    About 7 generations back
    Drawn from Alfred Edward Chalon's portrait of her as queen, c. 1837
    Watch and vote on Queen Victoria
  • Vienna · 7 May 1824
    Lens portrait of Ludwig van Beethoven

    Ludwig van Beethoven

    Composer who wrote the Ninth Symphony while deaf

    The end of the first performance of his Ninth Symphony.

    About 7 generations back
    Drawn from Joseph Karl Stieler's portrait, 1820
    Watch and vote on Ludwig van Beethoven

1600s and 1700s

  • McConkey's Ferry, Bucks County, Pennsylvania · 25 December 1776
    Lens portrait of George Washington

    George Washington

    Commander of the Continental Army and first US president

    Taking his army across the Delaware on Christmas night.

    About 9 generations back
    Drawn from Charles Willson Peale's portrait, 1776
    Watch and vote on George Washington
  • Kensington, near London · 15 April 1726
    Lens portrait of Isaac Newton

    Isaac Newton

    Physicist who set out the laws of motion and gravity

    A day spent with William Stukeley at his Kensington lodgings.

    About 11 generations back
    Drawn from John Vanderbank's portrait, 1725–26
    Watch and vote on Isaac Newton
  • viceregal palace, Mexico City, New Spain · c. 1667 (exact year unrecorded)
    Lens portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

    Sor Juana Inés de la CruzJuana Inés de Asbaje

    Nun, poet and scholar, called the Tenth Muse of Mexico

    Being examined by the learned men of the viceroy's court.

    About 13 generations back
    As pictured by Juan de Miranda, c. 1713, after her death
    Watch and vote on Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
  • London · 4 September 1666
    Lens portrait of Samuel Pepys

    Samuel Pepys

    Diarist whose journal records the Great Fire of London

    Saving what he can as the Great Fire nears the Navy Office.

    About 13 generations back
    Drawn from John Hayls's portrait, 1666
    Watch and vote on Samuel Pepys

1000 to 1599

  • Tenochtitlan, where the causeway from Iztapalapa enters the city · 8 November 1519
    Lens portrait of Moctezuma II

    Moctezuma IIMoctezuma Xocoyotzin, huey tlatoani of Tenochtitlan

    Aztec ruler who welcomed Cortés into Tenochtitlan

    Going out to meet the strangers led by Hernán Cortés.

    About 18 generations back
    As pictured in the Tovar Codex, c. 1585, about 65 years after his death
    Watch and vote on Moctezuma II
  • Rome · 26 June 1496
    Lens portrait of Michelangelo

    MichelangeloMichelangelo Buonarroti

    Sculptor of David and painter of the Sistine Chapel ceiling

    A Sunday with Cardinal Riario, the day after arriving in Rome.

    About 19 generations back
    Drawn from a portrait attributed to Daniele da Volterra, c. 1545, about 50 years after this moment
    Watch and vote on Michelangelo
  • Cairo · 1324, July
    Lens portrait of Mansa Musa

    Mansa MusaMusa I of Mali

    Emperor of Mali, often called the richest person in history

    The audience with the Sultan of Egypt during his pilgrimage.

    About 25 generations back
    As pictured in the Catalan Atlas, 1375, about 38 years after his death
    Watch and vote on Mansa Musa

Before 1000

  • royal palace, Alexandria · autumn 48 BC
    Lens portrait of Cleopatra

    Cleopatra

    The last queen of ancient Egypt

    Reaching Julius Caesar inside the palace.

    About 74 generations back
    Drawn from a marble head made in her lifetime, mid-1st century BC, Altes Museum, Berlin
    Watch and vote on Cleopatra

How it works

In 2003 the philosopher Nick Bostrom imagined that a future civilization might run detailed simulations of its ancestors, for research and for entertainment. We are starting small, with words.

01

A real person

Every simulation centers on one specific individual with a paper trail: records, letters, censuses, court files. Never a composite, and never someone who died less than fifty years ago.

02

Their eyes only

Models write in the first person, limited to what that person could perceive and know. No hindsight, no borrowed words from a later century.

03

Show your sources

Alongside the story, the model lists its claims and marks each one as attested, inferred or invented, the way a historian's footnotes do.

04

Graded twice

Once for truth, once for delight. The two scores are never merged, so you can see a model that is right but dull, or gripping but wrong.

Why now

For twenty years, ancestor simulations were a thought experiment. They are becoming an engineering problem.

Today's models can research a life, work out what a person could and could not have known, and write a scene in the language of its century. Each new generation does it noticeably better, and the same systems are learning to speak, to picture and to move through rendered worlds. The road from a paragraph to a room you can stand in no longer looks like a leap. It looks like a series of steps, and we are already on them.

That makes this the moment to start measuring. A benchmark begun now records the whole climb, from the first page of text to whatever comes after, and holds every step to the historical record.

If the climb continues, a machine will one day show you a street your great-great-grandmother walked, as she saw it. AncestorBench measures how close we are, and whether it's telling the truth.

Two scores, kept apart

Fidelity

Was it true to the record?

AI judges audit every claim for dates, people, prices, objects, language and social norms against a sourced record. Factual errors weigh heavily; honest differences of interpretation weigh lightly.

Delight

Was it worth seeing?

Viewers compare two simulations side by side and vote, producing an Elo rating like a chess ladder. A model trained on those votes gives fast preliminary ratings, and fresh votes keep it honest.

What we believe

An ancestor simulation is only worth building if it is honest about the past and humble about what we cannot know.

Roadmap

We are building in the open and shipping as we go. The first benchmarks are on the way.

Now

Video

A minute through one person's eyes. Each model writes the scene, directs the sound and pictures with its own choice of tools, and footnotes every claim.

Someday

VR

Step inside the room. The highest fidelity, and the most headroom for AI.

One thing that later generations might do with their super-powerful computers is run detailed simulations of their forebears or of people like their forebears.Nick Bostrom, "Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?" (2003)

Hear when there's something new

New ancestors, new models, and new clips to vote on. An occasional email, nothing more.

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